

The spread of Processionary caterpillars ( Thaumetopoea spp) across Western Europe has increased the incidence of reactions to their urticating hairs.The highest incidence of stings is therefore typically in the summer. They are usually not active at temperatures Bees, bumblebees, wasps, hornets and ants are found throughout the UK.An IFA sting produces a characteristic local sterile pustule, 1-3 mm in diameter, within 24 h in both humans and rabbits.Acute renal failure Kidney: renal failure has been reported following hornet stings in dogs.In cases of anaphylaxis, restlessness, diarrhea Diarrhea: overview, hematochezia, circulatory collapse, coma and death may all be seen.These are associated with specialized bristles, known as urticating hairs. Many caterpillars also have defensive venom glands.

In the Southeastern Unites States, the most common insect responsible for stings is probably the Imported Fire Ant (IFA, Solenopsis invicta).In the UK, the common wasp ( Vespula vulgaris) and the honeybee ( Apis mellifera) are likely the most common insects to sting companion animals.Ants, bumble bees, honeybees and some wasps are social insects, and live in colonies controlled by one or more large female queens, and all work together for the good of the colony.Most bees and wasps are solitary insects.The Hymenoptera order is a very larger order containing the sawflies and a wide range of parasitic insects as well as the bees, wasps, hornets and ants:.This article deals specifically with venomous insects and focuses particularly on the Hymenoptera (wasp). Amongst the invertebrates are spiders, centipedes, scorpions and a wide range of stinging insects.

